Biological Mechanisms

Telomerase Activation

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that adds TTAGGG repeat sequences to the ends of chromosomes (telomeres), counteracting the progressive shortening that occurs with each cell division. The catalytic subunit is human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).

Most somatic cells have minimal telomerase activity, leading to telomere shortening and eventual replicative senescence — the Hayflick limit. Epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) has been studied for its effects on telomerase activation. Khavinson et al. (2003) reported hTERT induction in human somatic cell cultures, and Khavinson et al. (2004) observed cultures exceeding the Hayflick limit by approximately 10 additional passages.

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